The Life Of Abortion And Adoption . When You Considered

The life of abortion and adoption When you considered the word abortion and adoption they can bring out different feelings based on people’s perspective. Some would think that abortion is an easier choice because the mother and father do not have the responsibility for a child or for the rest of their lives. From my personal perspective, this is a very bad idea because the mother is taking a life of a child and the procedure could can hurt the women’s body, which could lead to pregnancy challenges in the future. When you discuss the word adoption, some people would consider how long the process might take but would ultimately find gratifications in the process. In several medical cases, couples chose to go through the tough process of†¦show more content†¦In an article, it says â€Å"Doctors considered midwives, who attended births and performed abortions as part of their regular practice, a threat to their own economic and social power.† (Simon Schuster, Our bodies, ourselves for the n ew century: a book by and for women). This quote is showing how many of the women got persuaded in to abortion and how some of the doctors back in the day tried to stop this process, they told the midwives that this is a bad idea and they should not be encouraging abortions as part of their business. As well as some women have an abortion because they have the influence of their mother telling them that they should have the abortion because either they are young or can’t afford it so the easy route. The easy way out would be to hire someone who could perform an abortion for a low cost. Some midwife were willing to do it for free in a private location so that no one knows. Along with another quote that says â€Å"In the 1990s, antiabortionists increasingly turned to harassment of individual doctors and their families, picketing their homes, following them, and circulating ``Wanted posters.† (Simon Schuster, Our bodies, ourselves for the new century: a book by and for women). The quote indicated that back in the day it was still hard for people to understand the abortion laws. As well as some people took the issue to the extreme and truly wanted to get rid of the people who were willing to performShow MoreRelated Adoption, the Moral Alternative to Abortion Essay1264 Words   |  6 PagesAdoption, the Moral Alternative to Abortion It was only three days after being born that I was flown to my new family in Illinois. If I had not been for a one woman’s unselfish decision, I would not be writing the words on this page right now. Abortion is an ethically wrong decision and option for a parent. It is illegal to take the life of another human being; by choosing to have an abortion, legally a parent is not willingly killing a human life. However, this choice is stillRead MoreThe Wrongs Of Abortion : Abortion1298 Words   |  6 PagesSeptember 2014 The Wrongs of Abortion Have you ever wondered what it would feel like to have your right to live taken away? A baby fetus doesn’t even get a chance to decide whether or not they want to live or not when inside the mothers’ womb. A baby has no say because the mother has the power to just â€Å"get rid† of a child. Abortion would just be a gateway to get rid of a child by killing it. There are many other different ways to prevent or give away a child you do not want. Abortion isn’t the only answerRead MoreShould Abortion Be Illegal? Essay845 Words   |  4 Pages Did you know that right now in the United States some people think abortion should be illegal and the choice of women to choose what to do about their own bodies and pregnancies is being considered getting taken away from them? Abortion is a medical procedure that terminates pregnancy. It is usually done during the first twelve months of pregnancy, called the first trimester. Abortion has been legal ever since 1973 afte r the Roe v. Wade court case. This court case overturned all state laws in theRead MoreAbortion Persuasive Essay755 Words   |  4 PagesHow would you feel if someone took your ability to live? Unfortunately, this is harsh reality for close to a million babies in the United States alone. Millions of lives that have been taken, never knowing what it is like to laugh until you cry. Millions of babies that could have changed the world and maybe one of them could have cured cancer, instead these babies are torn limb by limb, burned, and many other tortuous methods to end the precious life. Abortion is murder and is not only very cruelRead MoreGive Your Child a Chance at Life667 Words   |  3 Pages Abortion is one of the many topics that everyone has an opinion about. Whether you are for or against it everyone has an opinion about it. In our society it is a huge controversial issue that everyone is dealing with on a religious, personal or political aspect. Even though it was declared that abortion is a fundamental right in 1973 there is still debate about it on many different levels. Countless religious affiliations are against it, saying that unborn babies are human beings at the momentRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Abortion1011 Words   |  5 Pages Abortion is the termination of a human pregnancy. â€Å"More than 60% of the world’s population lives in countries where induced abortion is permitted either for a wide range of reasons or without restriction as to the reason. In contrast, 26% of all people reside in countries where abortion is generally prohibited.† as stated by The World’s Abortion Laws Map. Abortion is appalling and should be outlawed. N ot only is it the excretion of a fetus, what a baby has developed from, from the uterus by naturalRead MoreAbortion is Never Justified Essay1028 Words   |  5 PagesAbortion is Never Justified I am examining the question ‘Abortion is never justified’ from a Christian perspective and will explain my view on abortion. The bible has many quotes directly relating to the foetus within the womb. The main argument is trying to discover at what point life begins when finding this out it is easier to decide whether abortion is right or wrong. Though the question on when life starts is hard to find out as people have their own point of viewRead MoreShould Abortion Be Banned?1847 Words   |  7 Pages An abortion is an induced and sudden termination of pregnancy. There are two types of abortions, Medical and Surgical. The medical method involves taking two pills within 24 hours of each other thus killing the fetus, but this method is usually done during 3-7 weeks of pregnancy. The surgical method, on the other hand involves a doctor removing the inner lining of the womb, either manual vacuum aspiration or dilatation suction curettage. Both of these methods use a suction processRead MoreThe Right to Live832 Words   |  3 PagesThe Right to Live Imagine that each day that you wake up, thousands of people have been arranged to be murdered. Well, that’s actually the case. According to the National Right to Life, nearly 4,000 abortions are performed daily. When you think about it, that’s a great deal of unborn children that are just â€Å"discarded† or erased, like a sheet of paper containing an awful mistake. An abortion, by definition, is the termination of a pregnancy after, accompanied by, resulting in, or closely followedRead MoreHorton Hears A Who by Dr.Seuss1157 Words   |  5 Pagesmothers womb was once the safest place for a baby to lie in but when abortion was legalized in Canada in 1969, I now think, its the most dangerous. To start off, Id like to remind everyone of the movie or book Horton Hears A Who written by Dr.Seuss. In the movie, we meet an elephant named Horton. One day while Hortons walking through the jungle of Nool, a clover flies past him, a clovers like a little flower. And when it flies by him, he hears noises coming from it, almost like little

Atticus Finch in To Kill a Mocking Bird by Harper Lee and

Atticus Finch is head of the throne over Joe Gargery of Great Expectations and Chlomo Wiesel of Night. I believe that Atticus Finch is an astoundingly well adjusted father for many reasons. First of all, he was a single parent that managed to make time for Jem and Scout, his two children. He is also a courageous, generous, forgiving, and honest man. Atticus Finch is a single parent working an exceptionally hard job to bring in enough income to pay his maid and supply the needs for his children. He is away most of the day at the courthouse defending his clients. Although his job sometimes required long hours, he still made time to read to his daughter at bedtime and pass a ball with his son.Therefore, Atticus Finch of To Kill a Mockingbird is the better father over Joe Gargery of Great Expectations and Chlomo Wiesel of Night because of his courageousness, generosity, forgiveness, and honesty. Atticus shows true courage by trying every way to help others who were in the need of it. First of all, it is courageous of Atticus to take the Tom Robinson case. Even his own family disagreed of taking the case because of the bias. He takes many risks when taking the Tom Robinson case. He risks the chance of critization by the people that live in the Maycomb County. Mrs. Dubose criticizes him when she said, â€Å"Atticus is a Nigger lover!’’ (100). With many prejudice people living in Maycomb County Atticus also risks the chance of not being re-elected for legislature. Secondly, it isShow MoreRelatedKill A Mockingbird, By Harper Lee1197 Words   |  5 Pageswas awfully limited. These conflicts construct Harper Lee’s novel, To Kill a Mocking Bird. In To Kill a Mocking Bird, Lee establishes the concurrence of good and evil, meaning whether people are naturally good or naturally evil. Lee uses symbolism, characterization, and plot to portray the instinctive of go od and evil. To Kill a Mocking Bird, a novel by Harper Lee takes place during the 1930s in the Southern United States. The protagonist, Scout Finch, is a tomboy that is at the age of six at theRead MoreTo Kill a Mocking Bird Is a Relevant Novel Essay842 Words   |  4 PagesTo Kill A Mocking Bird Essay Many people as well as Suzanne Swan think that the novel To Kill A Mocking Bird is outdated and should not be taught in schools nowadays. However, she is incorrect. This old historical literature is very educational and useful for high school students. Even though some novels get put aside, they teach students a lot about our history and life lessons. To Kill A Mocking Bird has been the most popular novel taught in high schools all around North America since 1970.Read MoreThe Significance of the Title To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee1095 Words   |  5 PagesThe Significance of the Title To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee In this novel the most significant symbol is the mocking bird. A mocking bird is a type of Finch: a small, discrete bird with a beautiful song, which mocks or imitates the other birds song. One of the most explicit references made about mocking birds is that in chapter 10. Atticus is telling Scout and Jem how top use their shotguns for the first time, he says, Shoot all the bluejays you want, ifRead MoreEssay about To Kill A Mocking Bird625 Words   |  3 Pagesbackyard, but I know you’ll go after the birds. Shoot all the bluejays you want, if you can hit ‘em, but remember it’s a sin to kill a mocking bird.† Atticus Finch recites these lines to his two children, Jem and Scout after he gives them air-rifles for Christmas. Scout is curious, as this is the first time that she has ever heard her father refer to anything as a sin, Scout asks Miss Maude what Atticus meant by this. Miss Maude tells Scout that mocking birds don’t rip up people’s garden’s or annoyRead MoreKill A Mockingbird, By William Robinson And Jean Louise1572 Words   |  7 Pages To Kill A Mockingbird Thesis: The phrase of killing a mockingbird represents the iniquity to vitiate something good and relatively unmarred, as mockingbirds do nothing but sing beautiful songs; they are innocent and harmless. This motif can also be interpreted as a symbol of imitation, or mocking - the mockingbird is known for its ersatz of other birds songs. This mockingbird motif, the foremosttheme, is exemplified by the actions and words of three characters in To Kill A Mockingbird -Read More To Kill a Mockingbird - The Powerful Character of Atticus Finch692 Words   |  3 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird - The Powerful Character of Atticus Finch In the beginning epigraph of To Kill a Mocking Bird, Harper Lee quotes a statement made by Charles Lamb: Lawyers, I suppose, were children once. As told through the eyes of the rambunctious elementary school child, Scout Finch, we see not only how she and her brothers lives are affected by their community, also how they develop and mature under the watch of their father, lawyer Atticus Finch. As a wise role model to hisRead MoreFlaws of Society Essay942 Words   |  4 PagesSociety – To Kill a Mocking Bird Bailey Moser October, 13 2012 Some novels and plays seem to advocate changes in social or political attitudes, or in traditions. Note briefly the particular attitudes or traditions that Harper Lee apparently wishes to modify. Then analyze the techniques she uses to influence the readers views. Do not merely summarize the plot. The novel, To Kill a Mocking Bird, was a revolutionary tale about growing up and the flaws in society. The author, Harper Lee, uses logosRead MoreThe Sword Of Destiny Character Analysis1585 Words   |  7 Pagessetting the theme of racism deals with real life problems, like the perception of the mases on minorities. On the other hand, â€Å"To Kill a Mocking Bird† by Harper Lee takes a more realistic approach as her book setting is in 1930’s. The narrator Scout Finch, the daughter of Atticus Finch, shows her life experience in the summer of 1936. The â€Å"perfect father† Atticus Finch is a lawyer and he accepts a case of a â€Å"black† man Tom Robinson, who was accused of raping a â€Å"white† woman. The theme of racism surroundsRead MoreLynch Mob To Kill A Mockingbird875 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿How the Lynch Mob was presented in How to Kill a Mocking Bird In to kill a mocking, Harper Lee uses a range of techniques to present the mob in a bad, and in cases a mocking light. When first coming on to scene, the mob is presented as one shadowy figure, but when actually inspected closely upon, it is seen that that is not the truth at all. When first shown, the lynch mob is anonymous, firstly shown when they arrive â€Å"shadows became substances as light revealed solid shapes moving towards theRead MoreKill A Mocking Bird By Harper Lee Essay1581 Words   |  7 PagesTo Kill a Mocking Bird is a written narrative by Harper Lee. The story is a linked sequence of conflict as seen through the eyes of a little girl named Scout. It looks back at a time when social injustice of prejudice was prevalent. The story if full of interesting characters, some good and some bad, but each very important to the plot of the story. It is very important to understand each of character’s views and the plot of the story as it plays an important role in the overall theme of the story

Elizabeth Visits Gpc’s French Subsidiary Discussion Questions free essay sample

Questions 1. What can Elizabeth Moreno do to establish a position of power in front of French managers tohelp her accomplish her assignment in five days? Explain. The French tend to regard authority as residing in the role and not the person; Elizabeth willneed to find subtle ways to accentuate her expertise, her advanced degree in Chemistry, andher role as Vice President. Further, she will need to demonstrate an intellectual flexibilitywhile allowing the French to show their ability to grasp complex issues and evaluatesolutions. . What should Elizabeth know about â€Å"high-context† vs. â€Å"low-context† cultures in Europe? Explain. Countries in Europe do not share the same cultural context; France is more high-context thanGermany. As a result, Elizabeth should pay especially close attention to the cultural contextof the communication including: the medium, the source, the setting, proxemics, paralanguageand object language. 3. What should Elizabeth include in her rep ort so that future executives and scientists avoidcommunication pitfalls? Elizabeth could help her peers by noting communications processes that worked and noting which processes failed. She should provide as much information about the communication context as possible. 4. How can technical language differ from everyday language in corporate communications? Technical language is often shared across cultures (the Arabic word for computer isâ€Å"computer†). Technical language is communicated through its own communication channels —papers, proceedings and journals. These journals are often, though not always, prepared inEnglish. While technical jargon creates a common or shared language on some levels, it doesnot eliminate the problems associated with cross-cultural communication 1. drawing from your understanding of verbal and nonverbal communication patterns from this chapter,explain what elizabeth moreno can do to establish her position in front of french managers. how can she get them to help her accomplish her assignment in five days Since the only exposure elizabeth ever had before regarding her langauage barrier is her two weeks vacation in french. Elizabeth needs to develop her nonverbal communication instead with he fellow employees in French subsidiary by being her friendly and flexible self, showing a good manners, and having easy-to-talk-with facial expression. Because it is very important for Elizabeth to maintain having a good relationships with the employees at the office, she should at least mastered the french organizational cultures. 2. what should elizabeth know about high context versus l ow context cultures in europe ? how can this knowledge help her be successful there? First we need to know the definition of low context and high contex. Here are the brief explanations about it A low context culture is one in which things are fully (though concisely) spelled out. Things are made explicit, and there is considerable dependence on what is actually said or written. A high context culture is one in which the communicators assume a great deal of commonality of knowledge and views, so that less is spelled out explicitly and much more is implicit or communicated in indirect ways. In a low context culture, more responsibility is placed on the listener to keep up their knowledge base and remain plugged into informal networks. Low context cultures include Anglos, Germanics and Scandinavians. High context cultures include Japanese, Arabs and French. Implications Interactions between high and low context peoples can be problematic. Japanese can find Westerners to be offensivelyblunt. Westerners can find Japanese to be secretive, devious and bafflingly unforthcoming with information French can feel that Germans insult their intelligence by explaining the obvious, while Germans can feel that French managers provide no direction Low context cultures are vulnerable to communication breakdowns when they assume more shared understanding than there really is. This is especially true in an age of diversity. Low context cultures are not known for their ability to tolerate or understand diversity, and tend to be more insular. Based on the aforementioned explaination, since Elizabeth have a job in French that has a high context cultere, she needs to mastered or at least has a decent understanding on how to communicate non-verbally with the employees. It will efectively help her to succeed there. 3. hat should elizabeth include in her report, and what should be the manner in which it is communicated so that future executives and scientists avoid communications pitfalls ? The report Elizabeth prepares for GPC must include the organizational cultures offered in the French subsidiary, She should include how the French employees socialize with each other, the way they speak, communicate and interact with each other. This will help assist future expat’s from getting culture-shock. Elizabeth could help her peers by noting communications processes that worked and noting which processes failed. She should provide as much information about the communication context as possible. Develop Cultural Sensitivity Elizabeth must inform her peers that it is very important to know the receiver and to translate the message in a form that will most likely be understood as anticipated. Employees must make sure there messages goes through to the receivers, in order to do that they should become aware of their own cultural and way of speaking and how it affects the communicating process in a different Country. . how can technical language differ from everyday language in corporate communications? Simply because when we talk about firms, corporates, etc it means we talk about organizational cultures with its formality. That automaticaly differentiate the use of language from everyday’s life language. Develop Cultural Sensitivity Elizabeth must inform her peers that it is very important to know the receiver and to translate the message in a form that will most likely be understood as anticipated. Employees must make sure there messages goes through to the receivers, in order to do that they should become aware of their own cultural and way of speaking and how it affects the communicating process in a different Country. Careful encoding In translating his or intended meaning into symbols for cross cultural communication the sender must use words, picturs or gestures that are appropriate to the recivers frame of reference. Language translation is only part of the encoding process; the message also Proemics-deals with the influence if proximity and space on communicatin with both personl space and office lay out. What should Elizabeth include in her report, and what should be the manner in which it is communicated so that future executives and scientists avoid communications pitfalls? The report Elizabeth prepares for GPC must include the organizational cultures offered in the French subsidiary and to develop cultural sensitivity, she should include how the French employees socialize with each other, the way they speak, communicate and interact with each other. This will help assist future expat’s from getting a culture-shock when in the country. Elizabeth could help her peers by explaining the communications processes that worked and failed. She should provide as much information about the communication context as possible. Elizabeth must inform her peers that it is very important to know the receiver and to translate the message in a form that will most likely be understood by both arties Employees must make sure there messages goes through to the receivers, in order to do that they should become aware of their own culture and way of speaking and how it affects the communicating process in a different Country. Elizabeth should also Present a proposal for the GPC to invest more money into International Human Resource management which will be able to provide more training for future employees and teach them how to speak the language, communicate in the host country and understand the culture, the hand gestures used in the country, wh at is acceptable and what is not.

The Importance of the Ghost in Hamlet Hamlet Essay Example For Students

The Importance of the Ghost in Hamlet Hamlet Essay sThe Importance of the Ghost in Hamlet Words are like leaves; and where they most abound, Much fruit of Sense beneath is rarely found. (Essay on Criticism, ll.309-310) Any investigation of Shakespeares Hamlet that wishes to harvest fruit of sense must begin with the ghost. Dover Wilson is right in terming Hamlets visitor the linchpin, but the history of critical opinion regarding its origin has been diverse and conflicting. Generally, critics have opted for a Purgatorial ghost: Bradley speaks of a soul come from Purgatory, (1) Lily Campbell believes Shakespeare has pictured a ghost from Purgatory according to all the tests possible, but adds, Shakespeare chose rather to throw out suggestions which might satisfy those members of his audience who followed any one of the three schools of thought on the subject. (2). G. Wilson Knight fuses Purgatorial origin with ambiguity: With exquisite aptness the poet has placed him, not in heaven or hell, but purgatory, adding It is neither good nor bad, True its effects are mostly evil. We will write a custom essay on The Importance of the Ghost in Hamlet Hamlet specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now (3) In another work he notes, The ghost may or may not have,., been a goblin damned: it certainly was no spirit of health, (4) Wilson terms his linchpin as Catholic: the Ghost is Catholic: he comes from Purgatory.(5) A flurry of critical opinion began, however, in 1951 when Roy Battenhouse argued, The ghost, then, does not come from a Catholic Purgatory, but from an afterward exactly suited to fascinate the imagination and understanding of the humanist intellectual of the Renaissance. By that he meant, .. .the purgatory of the Ancients, or their hell since all are Hell from a Christian point of view: an inhabitant of any one of them is a damned spirit(6) The battle was joined. I. J. Sempers rebuttal warned that the tradition of critical commentary supported a Purgatorial spirit as best articulated by Wilsons beliefs.(7) Robert West argued in King Hamlets Ambiguous Ghost, published four years later, that the ghost . ..leaves us where all living men must stand in relation to that country: weighted with its awe and terror and its uncertainties buffeted by conflicting theories.. .(8) Harry Levine likewise endorsed the play as written in a grammar of doubt. (9) Sister Mariam Josephs article confirmed a Purgatorial ghost: the abode of the ghost and his character fit descriptions of a purgatorial ghost in both doctrine and popular legend. (10) More recent scholarship of course has not been silent. Eleanor Prossers Hamlet and Revenge (1971) articulates a view of the ghost very much consistent with my own, noting .. .the command of the ghost to murder is as malign as we sense it to be, and Hamlet is responsible for his descent into savagery. (11). She of course argues for a non-purgatorial ghost. In contrast, Stephen Greenblatts Hamlet and Purgatory (2001), citing Medieval and Renaissance texts plus plays that feature ghosts including: A Midsummer Nights Dream, Richard III, and Julius Caesar, concludes the ghost is not from hell. Its injunction to be remembered, for example, is predicated on the growing Protestant assault on Purgatory. (12). Eisslers Discourse on Hamlet and Hamlet asserts the rather paradoxical thesis that the ghost is purgatorial, but . ..neither expresses the slightest sign of pity, love, or affection for his sown nor mentions the sons claim to the throne, but rather imposes on him a demand that is couched exclusively in terms of the fathers own self-interest. (13). Certainly that view implies private revenge, making the ghost non-Purgatorial. Harold Blooms Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human argues that whatever sociologists, theologians, psychologists or psychiatrists mean by personality comes from Shakespeare: to wit he invented the very concept. Bloom sees Hamlets prodigious intellect as transcendent; he is his own ironist, rendering the plays Protestant or Catholic perspective therefore moot. He does stipulate, however, that Shakespeares father died a Catholic, (14) a point made by Greenblatt to sustain his purgatorial thesis. .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec , .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec .postImageUrl , .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec , .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec:hover , .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec:visited , .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec:active { border:0!important; } .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec:active , .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8d87253906eadb1a35595b2a9dfc9dec:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Edmunds Corrugated Parts Essay And so it goes. I agree with Levin that irony pervades the play, but that the grammar of doubt can and must be resolved in favor of a malignant ghost not from a pagan hell, but from the Christian one sent by God to test Hamlets faith and courage by trying to damn his soul. This reading helps to define Hamlets irony by viewing it as an outgrowth and continuation of Medieval moral plays such as Everyman. Further a malevolent spirit explains some of the plays most baffling and enigmatic questions the answers to which refute previously held axioms: affirm several metaphysical primaries without which meaning is impaired. Refuted are the contentions that Hamlet ia a tragedy of excessive reflection as Coleridge thought. Hamlet is certainly one of Shakespeares most dynamic protagonists, and any procrastination may be explained when the ghosts nature is understood. Likewise and as a corollary, Hamlet is not melancholic as seen when his behavior is studied according to Burtons understanding of the humor. Hamlet affirms that Shakespeare well understood the dramatic contexts of Medieval antecedents to Renaissance tragedy, and it does not demean the play to view it as a sophisticated morality play exploring the mystery of a Divine Providence that allows evil to flourish in the macrocosm and microcosm for a greater good. Such an interpretation must be based on a malevolent ghost and the irony involved in its operation in the macrocosm and microcosm. Structurally, Shakespeares familiarity with Renaissance Daemonological traditions and beliefs and cosmological systems permitted him to construct a metaphysical subplot based on an analogy: Claudius: Laertes : : Ghost : Hamlet. Although not a perfect correlation since Claudius has some redeeming qualities, the correspondence is sufficiently valid to warrant the assumption that the former is a microcosmic dramatization of a malignant macrocosm. By validating the presence of a malignant ghost, two important problems are solved: the question of Hamlets madness and his relationship to Ophelia and Gertrude. If Hamlet be mad, the condition is aggravated and perhaps initiated by the ghost as Burtons analysis proves. Further, the madness explains his love hate relationship to Gertrude and Ophelia, The ghost participates by commanding Hamlet to revenge while leaving his mother to heaven because it knows that is the one mission he cannot ignore. The dialectical tension thus created makes madness almost inevitable. To be kept in mind of course is that Hamlet remains art rather than a supernatural tract. Shakespeare was not a theologian Consequently this study initially considers structure and language patterns as they are Shakespeares means of dramatizing malignancy. Extensive citations from primary sources are provided insofar as they are not generally available or have been too infrequently applied to the play, The text used is the Arden Edition, edited by Harold Jerkins, together with the Variorum, edited by Howard Furness. Quotations from other Shakespeare play are taken from: Shakespeare: The Complete Works edited by G.B. Harrison, (New York: Harcourt, Brace, and World, 1952). Citations from Plato are from: Desmond Lees translation of The Republic (New York: Penguin Classics, 1987). Linguistic problems are resolved by the O.E. D., Onions A Shakespeare Glossary, Schmidts Shakespeare Lexicon, and Quotation Dictionary, and Partridges, Shakespeares Bawdy, plus my own interpolations, The conclusions affirmed are my own, and I accept responsibility for any deficiencies discovered by critics more astute and discriminating Works Cited (1) A. C. Bradley. Shakespearean Tragedy. Greenwich, Conn.: Fawcett Publications, n.d. , pp. 146-147. (Bradleys lectures were published in 1904). (2) Lily Campbell. Shakespeares Tragic Heroes, Slaves of Passion. New York: Barnes and Noble, 1952, pp. 126 and 257. Her three thoughts are: the devil, natural explanations, and alterations of the mind. (3) G. Wilson Knight. The Imperial Theme. London: University Paperbacks, 1965. p, 104. (4) G. Wilson Knight. The Wheel of Fire. .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd , .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd .postImageUrl , .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd , .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd:hover , .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd:visited , .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd:active { border:0!important; } .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd:active , .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2013407d5d3d4d5b40e8c5f14dbb83fd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Treatment of Women in Trifles Essay New York: Meridian Books, 1963, p. 42. (5) J. Dover Wilson. What Happens in Hamlet. Cambridge. University of Cambridge, 1951. p. 70. (6) Roy Battenhouse The Ghost in Hamlet: A Catholic Linchpin? SP 48 (1951), p. 192. (The second quotation appears on page 190. ) (7) I.J. Semper. The Ghost in King Hamlet: Pagan or Christian? The Month. 9 (1953), pp. 233-234. (8) Robert West. King Hamlets Ambiguous Ghost: PMLA. 70 (1955), p. 1116. (9) Harry Levin. The Queftion of Hamlet. New York: Oxford Books, 1970), p. 43. (10) Sister Mariam Joseph. Discerning the Ghost in Hamlet. PMLA 76 (1961), p. 502 (11) Eleanor Prosser. Hamlet and Revenge. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1091, p. 252. (12) Stephen Greenblatt. Hamlet in Purgatory. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001. (13) K.R. Eissler. Discourse on Hamlet and Hamlet: A Psychoanalytic Inquiry. New York: International Universities, Press, 1971, p. 68. (14) Harold Boom. Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human. New York: Riverhead Books, 1998. Hamlet and Falstaff is treated throughout the book as touchstones for all other characters. Chapter 23 discusses Hamlet specifically.